el tío
uncle
- Gender
- masculine
- Forms
- el tío · los tíos
Mi tío Ramón nos llevó a pescar ayer.
My uncle Ramón took us fishing yesterday.
Usage note Los tíos can mean uncles or aunt and uncle together. In Spain, tío is also slang for 'guy'.
Elementary Spanish
Expand your elementary Spanish with 250 useful words for routines, travel, shopping, health, work, and everyday descriptions.
At A2, vocabulary starts connecting into longer descriptions and practical exchanges. These terms help you handle familiar situations with less hesitation. Notice the complete phrase around each word instead of memorizing an isolated translation.
Talk about relatives, partners, neighbors, and the main events of a life story.
uncle
Mi tío Ramón nos llevó a pescar ayer.
My uncle Ramón took us fishing yesterday.
Usage note Los tíos can mean uncles or aunt and uncle together. In Spain, tío is also slang for 'guy'.
aunt
Mi tía nos enseñó a hacer tamales.
My aunt taught us to make tamales.
Usage note Tía abuela = great-aunt. In Spain, tía is also informal for 'woman' or 'girl' among friends.
cousin
Mis primos de Bogotá vienen a la boda.
My cousins from Bogotá are coming to the wedding.
Usage note A female cousin is la prima; los primos covers both. Primo hermano = first cousin.
partner; couple; pair
Rosa y su pareja abrieron una panadería.
Rosa and her partner opened a bakery.
Usage note Always feminine, whatever the partner's gender. Una pareja joven = a young couple.
neighbor
El vecino de arriba pone la música muy alta.
The upstairs neighbor plays music very loud.
Usage note A female neighbor is la vecina. De arriba / de abajo = upstairs / downstairs.
classmate; coworker; companion
Un compañero de clase me prestó sus apuntes.
A classmate lent me his notes.
Usage note Feminine compañera. Specify the context: compañero de clase, de trabajo, de cuarto (roommate).
to get married
Laura se casa con Andrés en junio.
Laura is marrying Andrés in June.
Usage note The spouse is introduced by con: casarse con alguien. Estar casado describes the resulting state.
to be born
Nací en Caracas, pero crecí en Mérida.
I was born in Caracas, but I grew up in Mérida.
Usage note Not passive in Spanish: nací = I was born. Birth is normally told with the preterite.
to grow; to grow up
Mis hijos crecieron hablando inglés y español.
My children grew up speaking English and Spanish.
Usage note Irregular yo form crezco. Also used for things increasing: la ciudad crece cada año.
to move (house)
Nos mudamos a un barrio más tranquilo.
We're moving to a quieter neighborhood.
Usage note Reflexive for changing homes: mudarse de casa, mudarse a otra ciudad. Mover = to move an object.
to meet; to get together
Los primos nos reunimos cada Navidad.
We cousins get together every Christmas.
Usage note Written accent on reúno, reúnes, reúne, reúnen. Reunirse con alguien; used for family and work.
to invite; to treat (pay for)
Te invito a cenar por tu cumpleaños.
I'm taking you out to dinner for your birthday.
Usage note Invitar a + infinitive or event. Te invito often means 'my treat': the speaker pays.
to visit
Cada verano visitamos a nuestros abuelos en el pueblo.
Every summer we visit our grandparents in the village.
Usage note Needs personal a before people (visitar a mi tía) but not before places (visitar Roma).
to remember; to remind
¿Recuerdas el nombre de aquel restaurante?
Do you remember the name of that restaurant?
Usage note Stem change o→ue. Recordar algo a alguien = to remind someone; acordarse de is a synonym.
to forget
Siempre olvido dónde dejo el paraguas.
I always forget where I leave my umbrella.
Usage note For accidental lapses, se me olvidó (it slipped my mind) sounds more natural than olvidé.
to get along (well)
Mi hermana y yo nos llevamos muy bien.
My sister and I get along very well.
Usage note Add con for the other person. The opposite is llevarse mal: se lleva mal con su jefe.
alone; on one's own
Mi abuelo tiene ochenta años y vive solo.
My grandfather is eighty and lives alone.
Usage note As an adjective it agrees (sola, solos). The adverb solo = only; sentirse solo = to feel lonely.
together; next to (junto a)
Mis hermanas trabajan juntas en un hospital.
My sisters work together at a hospital.
Usage note Usually plural and agrees: juntas. Junto a (invariable) means 'next to': junto a la ventana.
married
Mis padres llevan treinta años casados.
My parents have been married for thirty years.
Usage note Normally with estar: está casada. Casado con = married to; los recién casados = newlyweds.
single; unmarried
Su hermano sigue soltero y no tiene prisa.
Her brother is still single and in no hurry.
Usage note Marital status, often with ser or seguir. Una despedida de soltero = a bachelor party.
age
A esa edad yo ya trabajaba en una tienda.
At that age I was already working in a shop.
Usage note Ask ¿qué edad tienes? and state age with tener, never ser: tengo treinta años.
Describe rooms and appliances, household chores, daily habits, and schedules.
living room; hall
Pintamos el salón de verde claro.
We painted the living room light green.
Usage note Common in Spain; most of Latin America says la sala. Also a hall: salón de actos.
bedroom
El dormitorio principal da al jardín.
The main bedroom looks onto the garden.
Usage note Understood everywhere, but el cuarto and la habitación are more everyday. Dar a = to face onto.
closet; wardrobe
Cuelga el abrigo en el armario del pasillo.
Hang the coat in the hall closet.
Usage note Built-in closets are usually el clóset in Latin America; el ropero is a freestanding wardrobe.
refrigerator; fridge
Queda poca verdura en la nevera.
There are few vegetables left in the fridge.
Usage note Usual in Spain, Venezuela, and Colombia. Mexicans say el refri; el refrigerador is understood everywhere.
washing machine
¿Puedes sacar la ropa de la lavadora?
Can you take the clothes out of the washing machine?
Usage note Poner una lavadora = to do a load of laundry. A dishwasher is el lavaplatos or el lavavajillas.
trash; garbage
Saco la basura antes de acostarme.
I take out the trash before going to bed.
Usage note Usually uncountable. Sacar la basura = to take out the trash; el bote de basura = trash can.
rent; rental
El alquiler incluye el agua y la luz.
The rent includes water and electricity.
Usage note La luz here means the electricity bill. De alquiler = for rent; Mexico prefers la renta.
noise
Anoche había mucho ruido en la calle.
There was a lot of noise in the street last night.
Usage note Hacer ruido = to make noise. Ruido is unwanted sound; el sonido is neutral sound.
to go to bed
Me acuesto tarde los sábados.
I go to bed late on Saturdays.
Usage note Stem change o→ue. Without se it means to put someone to bed: acuesto a los niños.
to wake up
Esta mañana me desperté a las cinco.
This morning I woke up at five.
Usage note Stem change e→ie. Despertar without se = to wake someone else; el despertador = alarm clock.
to comb one's hair; to do one's hair
Se peina frente al espejo.
She combs her hair in front of the mirror.
Usage note Use the article, not a possessive, for body parts: me peino el pelo. El peine = comb.
to shave
Mi padre se afeita después de ducharse.
My father shaves after showering.
Usage note Reflexive when shaving yourself. Mexico commonly says rasurarse; la maquinilla = razor.
to prepare; to get ready
Preparo la mochila la noche anterior.
I pack my backpack the night before.
Usage note Preparar la cena, un examen, una maleta. Prepararse para = to get ready for something.
to tidy (up); to put in order
Los niños ordenaron su cuarto sin protestar.
The kids tidied their room without complaining.
Usage note Also means to order (command), and in Latin America to order food: ¿qué vas a ordenar?
to sweep
Barro la cocina después de cocinar.
I sweep the kitchen after cooking.
Usage note Regular -er verb. The broom is la escoba; barrer el suelo, barrer el patio.
to iron
No hace falta planchar esta camisa.
This shirt doesn't need ironing.
Usage note La plancha is the iron and also a griddle: a la plancha = grilled on a flat plate.
to fix; to tidy; to arrange
El técnico vino a arreglar la calefacción.
The technician came to fix the heating.
Usage note Arreglarse = to get ready or dress up. Arreglar un problema = to sort out a problem.
to be left; to arrange to meet; to be located
Quedamos a las seis delante del cine.
We're meeting at six in front of the movie theater.
Usage note Quedar con alguien = to meet up with someone (quedar con amigos). ¿Dónde queda? = where is it?
to usually (do); to tend to
Suelo leer un rato antes de dormir.
I usually read for a while before sleeping.
Usage note Always followed by an infinitive. Stem change o→ue; the past is the imperfect: solía ir.
to take (time); to be long
Tardo media hora en llegar al trabajo.
It takes me half an hour to get to work.
Usage note Tardar + time + en + infinitive. ¿Cuánto tardas? = how long does it take you? No tardes = don't be long.
to stay; to remain; to keep
Esta noche nos quedamos en casa.
Tonight we're staying home.
Usage note Quedarse en casa = to stay home. Quedarse con = to keep: me quedo con este = I'll take this one.
often
A menudo cocinamos para toda la semana.
We often cook for the whole week.
Usage note Slightly more formal than muchas veces; con frecuencia is a synonym. Never add an article.
almost; nearly
Casi siempre desayuno a la misma hora.
I almost always have breakfast at the same time.
Usage note Goes right before what it modifies: casi nunca = hardly ever, casi todos = nearly everyone.
already; now; anymore (ya no)
Ya he terminado las tareas de casa.
I've already finished the household chores.
Usage note Ya no = not anymore: ya no fumo. ¿Ya comiste? asks 'did you eat yet?'
to put away; to keep; to save
¿Dónde guardas las toallas limpias?
Where do you keep the clean towels?
Usage note Also 'to save' a file: guardar un documento. Guardar un secreto = to keep a secret.
to turn on; to light
¿Puedes encender la calefacción? Hace frío.
Can you turn on the heating? It's cold.
Usage note Stem change e→ie. For lights, devices, and fire; prender is very common in Latin America.
to turn off; to put out
Apagamos las luces antes de salir de casa.
We turn off the lights before leaving home.
Usage note For lights, devices, and fires. Preterite apagué adds u to keep the hard g sound.
to wash
Lavé los platos mientras tú cocinabas.
I washed the dishes while you were cooking.
Usage note Use lavarse for yourself: me lavo las manos. Lavar a mano = to wash by hand.
to get dressed
Me vestí rápido porque llegaba tarde.
I got dressed fast because I was running late.
Usage note Stem change e→i. Vestirse de = to dress in/as: se vistió de negro. Vestir = to dress someone.
Order in restaurants, buy food and clothes, and talk about sizes, prices, and returns.
plate; dish; course
La paella es el plato más famoso de Valencia.
Paella is the most famous dish of Valencia.
Usage note Both the plate and the food on it. Primer plato = first course; segundo plato = main course.
drink; beverage
La bebida no está incluida en el precio.
The drink isn't included in the price.
Usage note Any drink, not only alcohol. ¿Y de bebida? is a typical waiter's question.
dessert
De postre pedimos un flan casero.
For dessert we ordered a homemade flan.
Usage note De postre = for dessert; de primero and de segundo work the same way for courses.
chicken
El domingo comimos pollo asado con arroz.
On Sunday we had roast chicken with rice.
Usage note Both the animal and the meat; la gallina = hen. Al horno = baked; asado = roasted.
egg
¿Cómo quieres los huevos, fritos o revueltos?
How do you want your eggs, fried or scrambled?
Usage note The h is silent. Huevos fritos, revueltos, duros (hard-boiled); una docena de huevos.
cheese
Este queso de cabra tiene un sabor fuerte.
This goat cheese has a strong flavor.
Usage note Queso fresco = soft white cheese; queso rallado = grated cheese; un sándwich de queso.
potato
Cortamos las patatas en trozos pequeños.
We cut the potatoes into small pieces.
Usage note Used in Spain; the rest of the Spanish-speaking world says la papa (papas fritas = fries).
tomato
Estos tomates están muy maduros.
These tomatoes are very ripe.
Usage note Masculine despite -e. In central Mexico red tomatoes are jitomates; tomate can mean tomatillo.
bottle
Pedimos una botella de agua para compartir.
We order a bottle of water to share.
Usage note Una botella de agua = a bottle of water (full); una botella para agua = a bottle for water.
size (clothing)
¿Tiene esta chaqueta en una talla más grande?
Do you have this jacket in a larger size?
Usage note For clothes; shoe size is el número: ¿qué número calzas? Talla única = one size fits all.
price
El precio del pan ha subido este mes.
The price of bread has gone up this month.
Usage note ¿Qué precio tiene? asks the price. A buen precio = at a good price; precio fijo = fixed price.
bill; check; account
¿Nos trae la cuenta, por favor?
Could you bring us the check, please?
Usage note Also a bank account (cuenta bancaria). Darse cuenta de = to realize, a very common phrase.
to try; to taste; to try on
¿Has probado alguna vez el ceviche peruano?
Have you ever tried Peruvian ceviche?
Usage note Probarse for clothes: me pruebo la chaqueta. Stem change o→ue; probar suerte = to try one's luck.
to choose
Elijo el pescado porque parece fresco.
I choose the fish because it looks fresh.
Usage note Irregular yo form elijo (e→i, g→j). Escoger is a common synonym in Latin America.
to sell
Mi vecina vende empanadas los fines de semana.
My neighbor sells empanadas on weekends.
Usage note Se vende = for sale (on signs). El vendedor = seller; la venta = sale.
to return (something); to give back
Devuelvo los zapatos porque me quedan pequeños.
I'm returning the shoes because they're too small.
Usage note For giving objects back; people returning use volver. Irregular participle devuelto.
to change; to exchange
Quiero cambiar esta camisa por otra.
I want to exchange this shirt for another one.
Usage note Cambiar A por B = to swap A for B; cambiar dinero = to exchange currency; cambiarse = to change clothes.
to serve; to be useful
Sirven la cena a partir de las ocho.
They serve dinner starting at eight.
Usage note Stem change e→i. Servir para = to be good for: ¿para qué sirve? No sirve = it's no good.
to add
Añade un poco de sal a la sopa.
Add a little salt to the soup.
Usage note Common in cooking and writing; agregar is the more frequent synonym in Latin America.
to fit; to suit; to look good (on)
Ese color te queda muy bien.
That color looks really good on you.
Usage note Works like gustar: the clothes are the subject (me quedan bien). Quedar grande = to be too big.
full
El restaurante está lleno esta noche.
The restaurant is full tonight.
Usage note Used with estar. Lleno de = full of; after eating, estoy lleno is casual and satisfecho is politer.
fresh; cool
Compramos pescado fresco en el puerto.
We buy fresh fish at the harbor.
Usage note Fresh for food and cool for weather (hace fresco). In some countries it also means cheeky.
too much; too many
Esta salsa tiene demasiada sal.
This sauce has too much salt.
Usage note Agrees before nouns (demasiadas personas) but is invariable before adjectives: demasiado caro.
Plan trips, use transport, follow and give directions, and check into a hotel.
trip; journey
Nuestro viaje a Cuzco dura cinco días.
Our trip to Cuzco lasts five days.
Usage note Hacer un viaje = to take a trip; ¡buen viaje! = have a good trip. The verb is viajar.
ticket; banknote
Compré un billete de ida y vuelta a Sevilla.
I bought a round-trip ticket to Seville.
Usage note Travel ticket in Spain; everywhere it also means banknote. Tickets for shows are entradas.
suitcase
Mi maleta pesa menos de veinte kilos.
My suitcase weighs less than twenty kilos.
Usage note Hacer la maleta = to pack. In Argentina and Uruguay la valija is the usual word.
luggage; baggage
El equipaje de mano va debajo del asiento.
Carry-on luggage goes under the seat.
Usage note A collective singular: mucho equipaje, not muchos equipajes. Equipaje de mano = carry-on.
reservation; booking
Tengo una reserva a nombre de Torres.
I have a reservation under the name Torres.
Usage note A nombre de = under the name of. Mexico and parts of Latin America prefer la reservación.
reception; front desk
Dejamos las llaves en recepción al salir.
We left the keys at reception on the way out.
Usage note Often without the article after en or a: en recepción. The receptionist is el/la recepcionista.
map
Marco la ruta en el mapa.
I mark the route on the map.
Usage note Masculine despite ending in -a, like el problema and el día. Un plano is a city street map.
stop
La parada del autobús está frente al banco.
The bus stop is across from the bank.
Usage note Parada de autobús, de taxi, de metro. Train stations are estaciones, not paradas.
platform
El tren a Valencia sale del andén cuatro.
The train to Valencia leaves from platform four.
Usage note Loses the accent in the plural: andenes. Used for train and subway platforms.
road; highway
Hay mucho tráfico en la carretera de la costa.
There's heavy traffic on the coastal road.
Usage note An intercity road; streets in town are calles. La autopista = freeway or motorway.
to book; to reserve
Reservamos una habitación doble para dos noches.
We book a double room for two nights.
Usage note Reservar una mesa, un vuelo, una habitación. Reservarse = to hold back (an opinion).
to stay (in lodgings)
Nos alojamos en un hostal cerca de la catedral.
We're staying in a hostel near the cathedral.
Usage note Only for accommodation; quedarse en is the everyday synonym. El alojamiento = lodging.
to check in (luggage); to invoice
Tenemos que facturar una maleta.
We have to check one suitcase.
Usage note Airport term in Spain; Mexicans say documentar el equipaje. In business it means to invoice.
to lose; to miss
Corrimos para no perder el tren.
We ran so as not to miss the train.
Usage note Covers missed transport and lost objects. Perderse = to get lost: me perdí en el centro.
to come back; to return
Volvemos de vacaciones el lunes.
We come back from vacation on Monday.
Usage note Irregular participle vuelto. Volver a + infinitive = to do again: volví a llamar.
to bring
¿Me puede traer otra almohada, por favor?
Could you bring me another pillow, please?
Usage note Movement toward the speaker; llevar = to take elsewhere. Irregular traigo and preterite traje.
to drive
Conduzco con cuidado cuando llueve.
I drive carefully when it rains.
Usage note Standard in Spain; manejar is the everyday word across Latin America. Preterite conduje.
to pick up; to collect; to tidy up
Recogimos las llaves del apartamento en la oficina.
We picked up the apartment keys at the office.
Usage note Spelling change g→j in recojo. Recoger la mesa = to clear the table.
to find one's way; to get one's bearings
Sin mapa me cuesta mucho orientarme.
Without a map I find it hard to get my bearings.
Usage note Often with costar, fácil, or difícil. The opposite is perderse, to get lost.
available
No hay habitaciones disponibles para esta noche.
There are no rooms available for tonight.
Usage note Same form for both genders. Estar disponible = to be free (people, rooms, products).
outward journey; one way
Un pasaje de ida a Lima cuesta trescientos dólares.
A one-way ticket to Lima costs three hundred dollars.
Usage note De ida = one-way; de ida y vuelta = round-trip. La ida y la vuelta = there and back.
return (trip); turn; walk
A la vuelta paramos a comer en Toledo.
On the way back we stopped to eat in Toledo.
Usage note Dar una vuelta = to go for a walk or drive. In Spain it also means change from a payment.
opposite; across the street
Vivo en el edificio de enfrente.
I live in the building across the street.
Usage note Enfrente de + place = across from: enfrente del banco. Also written en frente.
hotel
Nuestro hotel queda a cinco minutos del centro.
Our hotel is five minutes from downtown.
Usage note Silent h and stress on the last syllable. Un hotel de cinco estrellas = a five-star hotel.
airport
Hay que llegar al aeropuerto dos horas antes.
You have to get to the airport two hours early.
Usage note Ir al aeropuerto (a + el = al). La puerta de embarque = gate; el vuelo = flight.
to go up; to get on; to upload
Subimos al autobús por la puerta delantera.
We got on the bus through the front door.
Usage note Subir a = to board. Also to rise (prices) and to upload: subir un archivo = to upload a file.
to go down; to get off; to lower
Tienes que bajar en la tercera parada.
You have to get off at the third stop.
Usage note Bajar(se) de = to get off. Also to drop (prices) and, informally, to download.
to continue; to follow; to keep (doing)
Siga recto dos calles y después gire.
Go straight for two blocks and then turn.
Usage note Seguir + gerund = to keep doing: sigue lloviendo. Stem change e→i and irregular yo form sigo.
to turn
En el semáforo, gira a la izquierda.
At the traffic light, turn left.
Usage note Girar a la derecha / a la izquierda. For directions, doblar is very common in Latin America.
to cross
Cruza el puente y verás la estación.
Cross the bridge and you'll see the station.
Usage note No preposition: cruzar la calle. The z becomes c before e (crucé); el cruce = crossroads.
Describe symptoms and injuries, follow medical advice, and book appointments.
appointment; date
Tengo cita con el médico a las cuatro.
I have a doctor's appointment at four.
Usage note Tener cita, pedir cita; the person follows con. Also a romantic date: una primera cita.
health center; clinic
El centro de salud abre también los sábados.
The health center is also open on Saturdays.
Usage note A public primary-care clinic. El consultorio and la clínica are common alternatives.
nurse
La enfermera me puso la vacuna en el brazo.
The nurse gave me the vaccine in my arm.
Usage note A male nurse is el enfermero. Don't confuse with enfermo (sick) or la enfermedad (illness).
fever
El niño tiene fiebre desde anoche.
The child has had a fever since last night.
Usage note Use tener fiebre, not estar. Fiebre alta = high fever; bajar la fiebre = to bring it down.
cough
Esta tos no me deja dormir.
This cough won't let me sleep.
Usage note Tener tos = to have a cough. The verb is toser; un jarabe para la tos = cough syrup.
cold (illness)
Pedro no vino a clase por un resfriado.
Pedro didn't come to class because of a cold.
Usage note Resfriarse = to catch a cold; el catarro is a synonym. Flu is la gripe (Mexico: la gripa).
back
Me duele la espalda de estar sentada.
My back hurts from sitting.
Usage note With doler use the article, not a possessive: me duele la espalda. De espaldas = backwards.
stomach
Me duele el estómago desde el almuerzo.
My stomach has hurt since lunch.
Usage note Dolor de estómago = stomachache. La barriga and la panza are informal words for belly.
throat
Tengo la garganta irritada de tanto hablar.
My throat is sore from so much talking.
Usage note Me duele la garganta = I have a sore throat. Un caramelo para la garganta = throat lozenge.
prescription; recipe
Sin receta no te venden ese antibiótico.
They won't sell you that antibiotic without a prescription.
Usage note Both a doctor's prescription and a cooking recipe. Con receta médica = prescription-only.
pill; tablet
Toma una pastilla cada ocho horas.
Take one pill every eight hours.
Usage note The everyday word; la píldora is more technical. Cada ocho horas = every eight hours.
to get sick; to fall ill
Mi hermana enfermó durante el viaje.
My sister fell ill during the trip.
Usage note Enfermarse is the usual form in Latin America: me enfermé. The adjective enfermo = sick.
to improve; to get better
La tos mejora con descanso y líquidos.
The cough gets better with rest and fluids.
Usage note ¡Que te mejores! = get well soon. Also for situations: el tiempo mejora por la tarde.
to get worse; to worsen
Si el dolor empeora, llama al médico.
If the pain gets worse, call the doctor.
Usage note The opposite of mejorar; works with or without an object: la lluvia empeoró el tráfico.
to breathe
Me cuesta respirar por la nariz.
It's hard for me to breathe through my nose.
Usage note Respirar hondo = to take a deep breath. La respiración = breathing.
to fall (down)
Ayer me caí en la escalera del metro.
Yesterday I fell on the subway stairs.
Usage note Irregular caigo and cayó. Se me cayó el vaso = I dropped the glass (by accident).
to hurt oneself; to get hurt
Me hice daño en la rodilla jugando al fútbol.
I hurt my knee playing soccer.
Usage note Common in Spain; lastimarse is more usual in Latin America. Hacer daño a alguien = to hurt someone.
to take (medicine, food, drink)
Tómate este jarabe después de cenar.
Take this syrup after dinner.
Usage note The se stresses finishing it all: tómate la sopa. Also tomarse un café, tomarse el día libre.
to make an appointment
Llamé para pedir cita con la dermatóloga.
I called to make an appointment with the dermatologist.
Usage note Standard in Spain; sacar cita and hacer una cita are common in Latin America.
healthy
Intento comer sano entre semana.
I try to eat healthily during the week.
Usage note For people, food, and habits. Sano y salvo = safe and sound; saludable is a close synonym.
serious; severe
Por suerte, la lesión no es grave.
Fortunately, the injury isn't serious.
Usage note Serious in health or problems; the English noun 'grave' is la tumba. Same form for both genders.
dizzy; nauseous; seasick
Me siento mareada cuando viajo en barco.
I feel seasick when I travel by boat.
Usage note Used with estar or sentirse. Marearse = to get dizzy, carsick, or seasick.
to take care of oneself
Tienes que cuidarte y dormir más.
You have to take care of yourself and sleep more.
Usage note ¡Cuídate! is a common goodbye. Cuidar a / de alguien = to look after someone else.
pharmacy; drugstore
La farmacia de guardia abre toda la noche.
The on-duty pharmacy is open all night.
Usage note The late-night pharmacy on rotation is de guardia in Spain and de turno in Latin America.
medicine; medication
No olvides tomar la medicina con comida.
Don't forget to take the medicine with food.
Usage note Both a medication and the field (estudiar medicina). El medicamento is more formal.
to rest
Después del partido, descansamos un par de horas.
After the game, we rested for a couple of hours.
Usage note ¡Que descanses! = sleep well. El descanso = rest; also a break or halftime.
better; best
Ya me encuentro mucho mejor, gracias.
I'm feeling much better now, thanks.
Usage note Comparative of bueno and bien; avoid más bueno for quality. El/la mejor = the best.
Discuss jobs, classes, and exams, and handle messages and everyday technology.
company; business
Mi hermano trabaja en una empresa de software.
My brother works for a software company.
Usage note Normally a company, not 'enterprise' as initiative. El empresario = businessman.
boss
Mi jefa me dio el viernes libre.
My boss gave me Friday off.
Usage note A female boss is la jefa. Jefe de cocina = head chef; jefe de estado = head of state.
schedule; timetable; opening hours
Mi horario cambia durante el verano.
My schedule changes during the summer.
Usage note Horario de atención = opening hours; horario de trenes = train timetable.
meeting; gathering
La reunión empieza después del almuerzo.
The meeting starts after lunch.
Usage note Tener una reunión; estar en una reunión. Also a family gathering or get-together.
report
Mañana entrego el informe final.
Tomorrow I hand in the final report.
Usage note A written report at work or school. Hacer un informe sobre algo = to write a report on it.
task; homework
¿Ya terminaste la tarea de historia?
Did you finish your history homework yet?
Usage note Homework in Latin America; Spain prefers los deberes. Las tareas de la casa = housework.
course; school year
Me he apuntado a un curso de fotografía.
I've signed up for a photography course.
Usage note Both a course and the academic year: el curso empieza en septiembre.
exam; test
El examen tiene una parte oral.
The exam has an oral section.
Usage note Plural exámenes adds an accent. Hacer or presentar un examen = to take an exam.
grade; mark; note
Saqué muy buena nota en matemáticas.
I got a very good grade in math.
Usage note Sacar una buena nota = to get a good grade. Also a written note: te dejé una nota.
computer
El ordenador tarda mucho en encenderse.
The computer takes a long time to start up.
Usage note Used only in Spain; Latin America says la computadora (el computador in Chile and Colombia).
screen
Comparto la pantalla durante la llamada.
I share my screen during the call.
Usage note Any screen: phone, computer, TV, or cinema. Pantalla táctil = touchscreen.
password
He olvidado la contraseña del correo.
I've forgotten my email password.
Usage note La clave is common in Latin America. Cambiar la contraseña = to change the password.
to organize
Organizo mis tareas por orden de importancia.
I organize my tasks by order of importance.
Usage note Z changes to c before e: organicé. Organizarse = to get (oneself) organized.
to explain
La profesora explica el problema con un dibujo.
The teacher explains the problem with a drawing.
Usage note Explicar algo a alguien: me explicó la regla. The c becomes qu in the preterite: expliqué.
to practice; to do (a sport)
Practico la pronunciación con una compañera.
I practice pronunciation with a classmate.
Usage note Also used for sports: practicar natación. The c becomes qu in the preterite: practiqué.
to hand in; to deliver; to hand over
Tenemos que entregar el proyecto el viernes.
We have to hand in the project on Friday.
Usage note Entregar un trabajo, un paquete, las llaves. La entrega = delivery; preterite entregué.
to pass (an exam); to approve
Aprobó el examen en el segundo intento.
She passed the exam on her second attempt.
Usage note Stem change o→ue. The opposite is suspender in Spain and reprobar in Latin America.
to fail (an exam); to suspend; to call off
Suspendí química, pero aprobé historia.
I failed chemistry but passed history.
Usage note Failing a test is Spain-only; Latin America says reprobar. Everywhere: suspender un partido.
to sign up; to enroll; to join in
Me apunto al taller de conversación.
I'm signing up for the conversation workshop.
Usage note Informal and common in Spain; inscribirse is more neutral. ¡Me apunto! = count me in!
to download; to unload
Descargué la aplicación del banco ayer.
I downloaded the bank's app yesterday.
Usage note Also to unload a truck. Bajar is an informal synonym; to upload is subir.
busy; occupied; taken
Esta tarde estoy ocupada hasta las seis.
This afternoon I'm busy until six.
Usage note With estar. Also for seats, phone lines, and bathrooms: está ocupado = it's taken.
online
La clase de mañana es en línea.
Tomorrow's class is online.
Usage note Neutral standard term; English online is also widely used. Comprar en línea = to buy online.
message
Te mandé un mensaje, pero no contestaste.
I sent you a message, but you didn't answer.
Usage note Masculine despite -e. Mandar or enviar un mensaje; un mensaje de voz = a voice message.
to send
Enviaremos el paquete por correo urgente.
We'll send the package by express mail.
Usage note Accent on envío, envías, envía, envían. Mandar is the more everyday synonym.
to repeat
¿Me puede repetir su apellido, por favor?
Could you repeat your last name, please?
Usage note Stem change e→i. Repetir curso = to repeat a school year; repetir also means to have seconds.
Talk about free time, hobbies, sports, shows, and celebrations.
free time; spare time
En mi tiempo libre dibujo y escucho pódcast.
In my free time I draw and listen to podcasts.
Usage note Usually with en: en mi tiempo libre. Los ratos libres is a common synonym.
movie; film
Anoche vimos una película de terror.
Last night we watched a horror movie.
Usage note Peli is informal. Ver una película; en versión original = in the original language.
series; TV show
Estamos viendo una serie argentina.
We're watching an Argentine series.
Usage note A whole show; one episode is un capítulo or un episodio. Also 'a series of' things.
music
Pongo música mientras limpio la casa.
I put on music while I clean the house.
Usage note Poner música = to put on music. Live music is música en vivo (Spain: en directo).
sport
Hacer deporte me ayuda a dormir mejor.
Doing sports helps me sleep better.
Usage note Hacer deporte = to exercise or do sports; practicar un deporte = to play a particular sport.
soccer; football
Jugamos al fútbol después de clase.
We play soccer after class.
Usage note Jugar al fútbol (much of Latin America: jugar fútbol). American football is fútbol americano.
bicycle; bike
Voy al trabajo en bicicleta cuando hace sol.
I bike to work when it's sunny.
Usage note Ir en bicicleta = to go by bike, with no article. La bici is the informal short form.
walk; stroll; ride
Damos un paseo junto al río.
We take a walk beside the river.
Usage note Dar un paseo = to take a walk; ir de paseo = to go on an outing. Also a promenade.
drawing
Mi sobrina me regaló un dibujo de su gato.
My niece gave me a drawing of her cat.
Usage note Also drawing as a subject (clase de dibujo). Los dibujos animados = cartoons.
to play (games, sports)
Los domingos jugamos a las cartas.
On Sundays we play cards.
Usage note For games and sports; instruments use tocar. Stem change u→ue; preterite jugué.
to dance
En la boda bailamos hasta las tres.
At the wedding we danced until three.
Usage note Bailar salsa, bailar con alguien. El baile = dance; el bailarín / la bailarina = dancer.
to sing
Mi hija canta en un coro.
My daughter sings in a choir.
Usage note Cantar una canción; cantar bien or mal. La canción = song; el/la cantante = singer.
to draw
De niño, siempre dibujaba en las paredes.
As a child, I always drew on the walls.
Usage note Drawing with lines; pintar = to paint. Dibujo is both 'I draw' and 'a drawing'.
to swim
Mi hijo aprendió a nadar a los cuatro años.
My son learned to swim when he was four.
Usage note La natación = swimming. Pool: la piscina (Spain), la alberca (Mexico), la pileta (Argentina).
to run; to hurry
Corro cinco kilómetros tres veces por semana.
I run five kilometers three times a week.
Usage note Salir a correr = to go for a run. ¡Corre! also means 'hurry up!'
to celebrate
Celebramos su cumpleaños con una cena.
We celebrate her birthday with a dinner.
Usage note Celebrar un cumpleaños, un triunfo. Festejar is a common synonym in Latin America.
to have fun; to enjoy oneself
Nos divertimos mucho en la fiesta.
We have a lot of fun at the party.
Usage note Present e→ie (me divierto), preterite e→i (se divirtió). ¡Que te diviertas! = have fun!
to get bored
Los niños se aburren durante el viaje largo.
The children get bored during the long trip.
Usage note Estar aburrido = to be bored; ser aburrido = to be boring. Aburrirse de = to get tired of.
to interest; to be interested in (me interesa)
Me interesa la historia de América Latina.
I'm interested in Latin American history.
Usage note Works like gustar: me interesan los idiomas. Estar interesado en is more formal.
free (of charge)
La entrada al museo es gratis los domingos.
Museum admission is free on Sundays.
Usage note Only 'free of charge'; free meaning 'not busy' is libre. Also an adverb: viajar gratis.
to ride; to assemble; to set up
Montamos en bicicleta por el paseo marítimo.
We ride bikes along the seafront.
Usage note Montar en bici, montar a caballo. Also to assemble furniture or set up a business.
Describe landscapes, seasons, and everyday weather conditions.
countryside; field
Pasamos el fin de semana en el campo.
We spend the weekend in the countryside.
Usage note Also a sports field (campo de fútbol) or a field of study. The contrast is la ciudad.
mountain
Desde la ventana se ven las montañas.
You can see the mountains from the window.
Usage note Ir a la montaña = to go to the mountains. La montaña rusa = roller coaster.
river
El camino continúa junto al río.
The path continues along the river.
Usage note Keeps the accent in the plural: ríos. Río arriba / río abajo = upstream / downstream.
sea
El agua del mar está fría en mayo.
The seawater is cold in May.
Usage note Usually masculine; la mar appears in poetry and among sailors. Un mar de gente = a sea of people.
beach
La playa está vacía a primera hora.
The beach is empty early in the morning.
Usage note Ir a la playa but estar en la playa. Una toalla de playa = beach towel.
tree
Comemos bajo un árbol grande.
We eat under a large tree.
Usage note Plural árboles. El árbol de Navidad = Christmas tree; plantar un árbol = to plant a tree.
flower
Estas flores huelen muy bien.
These flowers smell really nice.
Usage note Feminine despite ending in a consonant. En flor = in bloom; un ramo de flores = bouquet.
forest; woods
Hay un sendero corto por el bosque.
There's a short trail through the woods.
Usage note Covers both woods and forest; la selva is jungle or rainforest.
season
¿Cuál es tu estación del año favorita?
What's your favorite season?
Usage note Del año avoids confusion with la estación (station); in context, la estación alone is enough.
spring
En primavera los días son más largos.
In spring the days are longer.
Usage note Seasons are lowercase, and en primavera needs no article. Primaveral = spring-like.
summer
Trabajamos menos horas en verano.
We work fewer hours in summer.
Usage note Veranear = to spend the summer somewhere. Las vacaciones de verano = summer vacation.
fall; autumn
En otoño llueve bastante en esta región.
In fall it rains quite a lot in this region.
Usage note Stressed on the middle syllable: o-TO-ño. A finales de otoño = in late fall.
winter
Este invierno fue muy lluvioso en Santiago.
This winter was very rainy in Santiago.
Usage note Seasons flip south of the equator: winter in Chile or Argentina is June to August.
cloud
Hay nubes negras sobre la ciudad.
There are dark clouds over the city.
Usage note Estar en las nubes = to daydream. La nube is also 'the cloud' for online storage.
wind
Hace mucho viento cerca del mar.
It's very windy near the sea.
Usage note Hace viento = it's windy (not es ventoso). Una ráfaga de viento = a gust of wind.
to snow
En las montañas nieva desde noviembre.
In the mountains it snows from November on.
Usage note Only used in the third person singular. Stem change e→ie; la nieve = snow.
to blow
El viento sopla con fuerza esta tarde.
The wind is blowing hard this afternoon.
Usage note For wind and for your breath: soplar las velas = to blow out the candles.
to get dark
En diciembre oscurece muy temprano.
In December it gets dark very early.
Usage note Impersonal for nightfall; anochecer is a synonym. The opposite is amanecer, to get light.
to come out (of the sun); to rise (of the sun)
Después de la lluvia salió el sol.
After the rain the sun came out.
Usage note The verb usually comes first. La salida del sol = sunrise; ponerse el sol = to set.
cloudy; overcast
El cielo está nublado, pero no llueve.
The sky is cloudy, but it isn't raining.
Usage note Usually with estar: está nublado = it's cloudy. Nublarse = to cloud over.
dry
El verano aquí es caluroso y seco.
Summer here is hot and dry.
Usage note Also dried (fruta seca) and curt (una respuesta seca). Lavar en seco = to dry-clean.
humid; damp
La ropa sigue húmeda después de varias horas.
The clothes are still damp after several hours.
Usage note Humid for climate and damp for objects. La humedad = humidity or dampness.
Tell what happened, place events in time, and link ideas in a simple story.
then; so
Perdimos el autobús, entonces fuimos a pie.
We missed the bus, so we walked.
Usage note Marks a consequence (so) or a moment (then, back then). Desde entonces = since then.
then; later
Primero cenamos y luego vimos una película.
First we had dinner and then watched a movie.
Usage note Luego = afterwards; hasta luego = see you later. In Mexico, luego luego = right away.
first; first of all
En primer lugar, quiero agradecer su ayuda.
First of all, I want to thank you for your help.
Usage note Orders points in speech and writing; continue with en segundo lugar and por último.
in the end; at the end
Al final decidimos quedarnos en casa.
In the end we decided to stay home.
Usage note Al final = eventually; al final de = at the end of: al final de la calle. Por fin = at last.
suddenly
De repente empezó a llover muy fuerte.
Suddenly it began to rain very hard.
Usage note Typical in stories with the preterite. In some countries (Chile, Peru) it also means 'maybe'.
still; yet
Todavía no he recibido la confirmación.
I still haven't received confirmation.
Usage note Todavía no = not yet. Aún is a synonym; todavía más = even more.
also; besides; in addition
El apartamento es luminoso y, además, está bien ubicado.
The apartment is bright and also well located.
Usage note Adds another point. Además de + noun or infinitive = as well as: además de trabajar, estudia.
although; even though
Aunque estaba cansado, salí a caminar.
Although I was tired, I went for a walk.
Usage note With the indicative for known facts. Aunque + subjunctive ('even if') comes at higher levels.
when
Cuando llegué, todos estaban cenando.
When I arrived, everyone was having dinner.
Usage note No accent in time clauses; ¿cuándo? is the question word. Future meaning takes the subjunctive.
while
Escucho música mientras preparo la cena.
I listen to music while I make dinner.
Usage note For simultaneous actions. Mientras tanto = meanwhile; mientras que = whereas.
during; for
Vivió en Lima durante dos años.
She lived in Lima for two years.
Usage note Expresses duration without por: durante tres horas. Durante la semana = during the week.
since; from
Estudio español desde que llegué a Madrid.
I've been studying Spanish since I arrived in Madrid.
Usage note Use the present for ongoing actions: vivo aquí desde 2020. Desde hace + period = for.
until; up to; even
La biblioteca abre hasta las ocho.
The library stays open until eight.
Usage note Hasta mañana and hasta luego are farewells. Also 'even': hasta mi abuela baila.
to decide
Decidimos viajar en tren para ver el paisaje.
We decided to travel by train to see the scenery.
Usage note Takes an infinitive directly: decidí quedarme. Decidirse a = to make up one's mind to.
to try; to attempt
Intenté llamarte varias veces, pero no contestabas.
I tried to call you several times, but you didn't answer.
Usage note Followed directly by an infinitive. Tratar de is a synonym; probar = to try out or taste.
to receive; to get; to welcome
Ayer recibí una carta de mi prima.
Yesterday I received a letter from my cousin.
Usage note Recibir un regalo, un correo. Also to welcome guests: nos recibieron muy bien.
to happen; to pass; to spend (time)
¿Qué pasó ayer en la oficina?
What happened at the office yesterday?
Usage note Pasar tiempo = to spend time; pasar por = to stop by. ¿Qué te pasa? = what's wrong?
to leave; to let; to stop (dejar de)
Dejé las llaves encima de la mesa.
I left the keys on the table.
Usage note Dejar + infinitive = to let; dejar de + infinitive = to stop: dejé de fumar.
to tell; to count
Mi abuela nos contaba historias de la guerra.
My grandmother used to tell us stories about the war.
Usage note Stem change o→ue. Contar con alguien = to count on someone. Un cuento = a short story.
to break
Ayer rompí un vaso en la cocina.
Yesterday I broke a glass in the kitchen.
Usage note Irregular participle roto. Romperse is used for accidents: se rompió la pantalla.
to win; to earn
Nuestro equipo ganó el partido por dos a uno.
Our team won the game two to one.
Usage note Win a game or earn money (ganar dinero). Ganarse la vida = to earn a living.
to return; to come back
Regresamos al hotel después de medianoche.
We returned to the hotel after midnight.
Usage note Very common in Latin America; volver is more usual in Spain. Regresar a casa = to go home.
ever; sometime
¿Has viajado alguna vez solo?
Have you ever traveled alone?
Usage note In questions it means ever. Alguna que otra vez = now and then; nunca answers it negatively.
recently; not long ago
Me mudé a este barrio hace poco.
I moved to this neighborhood recently.
Usage note Hace + time = ago: hace dos años. It goes with the preterite; recientemente is more formal.
again
El tren se retrasó otra vez.
The train was delayed again.
Usage note De nuevo is a synonym. Volver a + infinitive often replaces it: volvió a llover.
Give opinions, agree and disagree, compare options, and describe feelings.
opinion
En mi opinión, el final es demasiado triste.
In my opinion, the ending is too sad.
Usage note En mi opinión introduces a view. Cambiar de opinión = to change one's mind.
idea
¡Qué buena idea ir a la playa!
What a great idea to go to the beach!
Usage note No tengo ni idea = I have no idea. Hacerse a la idea = to come to terms with something.
reason
No entiendo la razón de su decisión.
I don't understand the reason for her decision.
Usage note Tener razón = to be right; no tener razón = to be wrong. Por esa razón = for that reason.
problem
Tenemos un problema con la reserva.
We have a problem with the reservation.
Usage note Masculine despite ending in -a. ¡No hay problema! and ningún problema = no problem.
solution
Hay que buscar una solución rápida.
We need to find a quick solution.
Usage note Solución a or para un problema. No tiene solución = there's nothing to be done.
difference
No noto la diferencia entre los dos modelos.
I don't notice the difference between the two models.
Usage note Diferencia entre A y B. A diferencia de = unlike: a diferencia de su hermano.
success; hit
La fiesta fue un éxito.
The party was a success.
Usage note False friend: exit is la salida. Tener éxito = to be successful; un éxito de ventas = a best seller.
surprise
La visita de Marta fue una sorpresa agradable.
Marta's visit was a pleasant surprise.
Usage note ¡Qué sorpresa! Una fiesta sorpresa = a surprise party; por sorpresa = by surprise.
to believe; to think
Creo que este camino es más corto.
I think this route is shorter.
Usage note Creo que sí / creo que no = I think so / I don't think so. Creer en = to believe in.
to think; to plan (to)
¿Qué piensas del nuevo jefe?
What do you think of the new boss?
Usage note Pensar en = to think about; pensar de = to have an opinion of; pensar + infinitive = to plan to.
to share
Comparto apartamento con dos estudiantes.
I share an apartment with two students.
Usage note Compartir algo con alguien. In Spain, compartir piso = to share an apartment.
to agree
Estoy de acuerdo contigo en casi todo.
I agree with you on almost everything.
Usage note Con + person, en + point. ¡De acuerdo! alone means OK. Never use ser here.
to depend
El precio depende de la temporada.
The price depends on the season.
Usage note Always depender de. Depende on its own = it depends, a very frequent answer.
to matter; to mind; to import
No me importa esperar unos minutos.
I don't mind waiting a few minutes.
Usage note Works like gustar. ¿Te importa si...? = do you mind if...? Also literally 'to import' goods.
to feel like; to look forward to
Tengo ganas de volver a la playa.
I feel like going back to the beach.
Usage note De + infinitive or noun. ¡Qué ganas! = I can't wait! No tengo ganas = I don't feel like it.
to surprise
La noticia nos sorprendió a todos.
The news surprised us all.
Usage note What surprises is the subject: me sorprende tu respuesta. Sorprenderse = to be surprised.
to worry
Me preocupa llegar tarde a la entrevista.
I'm worried about arriving late for the interview.
Usage note Works like gustar. Preocuparse por = to worry about; estar preocupado = to be worried.
to be glad; to be happy (about)
Me alegro de verte otra vez.
I'm glad to see you again.
Usage note Alegrarse de + infinitive or noun. ¡Me alegro! = I'm glad (to hear that)!
to get angry; to get upset
Se enfadó conmigo por llegar tarde.
She got angry with me for arriving late.
Usage note The usual word in Spain; Latin America says enojarse. Con + person, por + reason.
calm; quiet
Este barrio es tranquilo incluso de noche.
This neighborhood is quiet even at night.
Usage note Ser = quiet by nature; estar = calm right now. ¡Tranquilo! = relax, don't worry.
proud
Sus padres están orgullosos de ella.
Her parents are proud of her.
Usage note Estar orgulloso de = proud of; ser orgulloso can mean arrogant or too proud to ask for help.
sure; safe; secure
No estoy seguro de la dirección.
I'm not sure of the address.
Usage note Estar seguro de = to be sure; ser seguro = to be safe. The noun el seguro = insurance.
useful
Esta aplicación es útil para organizar viajes.
This app is useful for organizing trips.
Usage note Same form for both genders. Inútil = useless; útil para + infinitive = useful for.
similar; alike
Mi nuevo horario es parecido al anterior.
My new schedule is similar to the previous one.
Usage note Parecido a = similar to; parecerse a = to look like: se parece a su padre.
to prefer
Prefiero el tren al avión para distancias cortas.
I prefer the train to the plane for short distances.
Usage note Preferir A a B = to prefer A to B. Stem change e→ie; also + infinitive: prefiero caminar.
to cry; to weep
Lloré mucho con el final de la película.
I cried a lot at the end of the movie.
Usage note Llorar de alegría / de risa = to cry with joy / laughter. To shout is gritar, not llorar.
to seem; to look
Tu propuesta me parece bastante razonable.
Your proposal seems quite reasonable to me.
Usage note Me parece que = I think that. ¿Qué te parece? = what do you think? Irregular yo form parezco.
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