hola
hello; hi
- Forms
- fixed expression
¡Hola, Marta! ¿Cómo estás?
Hi, Marta! How are you?
Usage note The h is silent. It works in any situation, from close friends to shop staff.
Beginner Spanish
Build your first practical Spanish vocabulary with 300 beginner words, clear English meanings, and short examples for everyday situations.
At A1, the goal is not to know every possible word. It is to recognize and use a dependable core for greetings, introductions, numbers, dates, home life, food, places, and simple routines. Read each Spanish example aloud, then replace one detail to make the sentence your own.
Say hello and goodbye, be polite, and introduce yourself and others.
hello; hi
¡Hola, Marta! ¿Cómo estás?
Hi, Marta! How are you?
Usage note The h is silent. It works in any situation, from close friends to shop staff.
goodbye; bye
Adiós, nos vemos el lunes.
Bye, see you on Monday.
Usage note Can sound a little final; for casual goodbyes many people say chao or hasta luego.
see you later; bye
Me voy a casa. ¡Hasta luego!
I'm going home. See you later!
Usage note An everyday goodbye even if you won't see the person again soon; hasta mañana means see you tomorrow.
good morning
Buenos días, señora López.
Good morning, Mrs. López.
Usage note Always plural. Used until lunchtime; in parts of Latin America buen día is also common.
good afternoon; good evening
Buenas tardes, tengo una reserva.
Good afternoon, I have a reservation.
Usage note Used from lunchtime until dark; in casual speech people often shorten it to buenas.
good evening; good night
Buenas noches, mamá, hasta mañana.
Good night, Mom, see you tomorrow.
Usage note Works both as a greeting after dark and as a goodbye before going to bed.
thank you; thanks
Muchas gracias por la ayuda.
Thank you very much for the help.
Usage note Add muchas for emphasis; the reason follows por: gracias por todo.
you're welcome
De nada, es un placer.
You're welcome, it's a pleasure.
Usage note The standard reply to gracias; no hay de qué and con gusto are common alternatives.
please
¿Me pasas la sal, por favor?
Can you pass me the salt, please?
Usage note Usually goes at the end of a request; a friendly tone matters as much as the word itself.
sorry; excuse me
Perdón, ¿dónde está la salida?
Excuse me, where is the exit?
Usage note Used to get attention or for small mistakes; perdone and disculpe sound more formal.
I'm sorry
Lo siento, no tengo cambio.
I'm sorry, I don't have change.
Usage note A real apology or sympathy; for bumping into someone, perdón is more natural.
nice to meet you
Mucho gusto, yo soy Andrés.
Nice to meet you, I'm Andrés.
Usage note Said when meeting someone; encantado or encantada is a common alternative.
how are you?; how's it going?
¿Qué tal el nuevo trabajo?
How's the new job going?
Usage note Alone it is a casual greeting; add a noun to ask about something: ¿qué tal el viaje?
man; gentleman; Mr.; sir
El señor Ruiz trabaja en el banco.
Mr. Ruiz works at the bank.
Usage note Needs the article before a surname (el señor Ruiz) except when you speak to him directly.
woman; lady; Mrs.; madam
La señora del quinto piso es muy amable.
The lady on the fifth floor is very kind.
Usage note A polite word for an adult woman; señorita is used for young women.
yes
Sí, hablo un poco de español.
Yes, I speak a little Spanish.
Usage note The accent separates sí (yes) from si (if). Sí, claro is a friendly, strong yes.
no; not
No, no soy de aquí.
No, I'm not from here.
Usage note Goes right before the verb. In answers it often appears twice: one no answers, the other negates.
name; first name
Mi nombre completo es Julia Pérez.
My full name is Julia Pérez.
Usage note Your first or full name; the family name is el apellido, and most people have two.
country
¿De qué país eres?
What country are you from?
Usage note The accent splits the vowels: pa-ís. For countryside, Spanish uses el campo.
to be called; to be named
Mi hermana se llama Lucía.
My sister's name is Lucía.
Usage note The usual way to give a name: me llamo Ana. The pronoun changes: te llamas, se llama.
to be
Soy de Colombia y soy enfermera.
I'm from Colombia and I'm a nurse.
Usage note For identity, origin, and job. No article before a job: soy enfermera, not soy una enfermera.
to live
¿Vives cerca de la universidad?
Do you live near the university?
Usage note Regular -ir verb; the place follows en: vivo en Quito.
to speak; to talk
Hablo inglés y un poco de español.
I speak English and a little Spanish.
Usage note No article before a language after hablar. Hablar con means to talk to someone.
to know; to meet
Conozco a tu hermana.
I know your sister.
Usage note For people and places you are familiar with; use saber for facts. Put a before people.
Talk about who owns what, point to things, and ask simple questions.
I
Yo soy Carmen, ¿y tú?
I'm Carmen, and you?
Usage note Usually dropped, since the verb ending shows the person; use it for emphasis or contrast.
you (informal)
¿Tú también eres profesora?
Are you a teacher too?
Usage note Informal singular you. The accent separates tú (you) from tu (your).
you (formal)
¿Usted es el señor Martínez?
Are you Mr. Martínez?
Usage note Formal you with third-person verbs: usted habla. Often abbreviated Ud. in writing.
he; him
Él trabaja en un hospital.
He works at a hospital.
Usage note The accent separates él (he) from el (the). After prepositions it stays él: para él.
she; her
Ella habla tres idiomas.
She speaks three languages.
Usage note Also used after prepositions: con ella, para ella. As an object use la or le.
we; us
Nosotros vamos en tren.
We're going by train.
Usage note Nosotras is used by a group of only women; the object form is nos.
you (plural)
¿Ustedes quieren algo de beber?
Would you all like something to drink?
Usage note The only plural you in Latin America; in Spain it is formal, and friends use vosotros.
they; them
Ellos viven en el mismo barrio.
They live in the same neighborhood.
Usage note Ellos covers men or mixed groups; ellas is only for groups of women.
the
El museo cierra los lunes.
The museum closes on Mondays.
Usage note No accent: el is the article, él is he. A + el becomes al, and de + el becomes del.
a; an
Necesito un bolígrafo y una hoja.
I need a pen and a sheet of paper.
Usage note Not used with jobs after ser: soy médico. Unos and unas mean some.
my
Mi perro se llama Toby.
My dog's name is Toby.
Usage note Agrees only in number: mis libros. No accent; mí with an accent means me.
your (informal)
¿Dónde están tus zapatos?
Where are your shoes?
Usage note No accent, unlike the pronoun tú. For formal your, use su.
his; her; its; their; your (formal)
Carlos vive con su abuela.
Carlos lives with his grandmother.
Usage note Context shows the owner; for clarity, say de él, de ella, or de usted.
our
Nuestra casa tiene un jardín pequeño.
Our house has a small garden.
Usage note Agrees with the thing owned, not the owners: nuestra casa, nuestros hijos.
this
Esta mochila es de Laura.
This backpack is Laura's.
Usage note For things near the speaker; the neuter esto is for unknown things: ¿qué es esto?
that
¿Cuánto cuesta esa camiseta?
How much is that T-shirt?
Usage note For things near the listener; aquel points to things farther away.
what; which
¿Qué haces esta noche?
What are you doing tonight?
Usage note Always accented in questions and exclamations: ¡qué bonito! Before a noun it means which.
who
¿Quién tiene mis llaves?
Who has my keys?
Usage note Use quiénes for more than one person; with a preposition: ¿con quién vives?
which; what
¿Cuál es tu comida favorita?
What's your favorite food?
Usage note Before ser it asks for a specific item where English says what: ¿cuál es tu dirección?
when
¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
When is your birthday?
Usage note Accented in questions; without the accent, cuando joins two ideas: cuando llego a casa.
where
¿Dónde compras la fruta?
Where do you buy fruit?
Usage note For origin say de dónde; for movement, adónde: ¿adónde vas?
how
¿Cómo vas al trabajo?
How do you get to work?
Usage note Also asks about people and things: ¿cómo estás? for mood, ¿cómo es? for description.
how much; how many
¿Cuántos hermanos tienes?
How many siblings do you have?
Usage note Agrees with the noun: cuánta agua, cuántas horas. ¿Cuánto cuesta? asks the price.
why
¿Por qué estudias español?
Why are you studying Spanish?
Usage note Two words with an accent; the answer uses porque, one word without an accent.
here
Aquí tienes tu café.
Here's your coffee.
Usage note For places near the speaker; acá is very common in Latin America.
Link ideas, talk about quantity, and use the small words that hold sentences together.
of; from
Soy de Venezuela.
I'm from Venezuela.
Usage note Shows origin, owner, and material: la casa de Ana, una mesa de madera. De + el becomes del.
to; at
Voy a casa a las seis.
I go home at six.
Usage note Marks destination and clock time; a + el becomes al. It also goes before people as objects: veo a Luis.
in; on; at
Las llaves están en la mesa.
The keys are on the table.
Usage note Covers in, on, and at for location. Also used for transport: en tren, en coche.
with
Voy al cine con mis primos.
I'm going to the movies with my cousins.
Usage note With mí and ti it becomes one word: conmigo, contigo.
without
Quiero agua sin hielo.
I want water without ice.
Usage note Usually no article after it: sin azúcar. Before a verb use the infinitive: sin pagar.
for; in order to
Este regalo es para Ana.
This gift is for Ana.
Usage note Marks recipient, purpose, and deadline: para mañana. Before a verb it means in order to.
through; for; by
Paseamos por el parque.
We walk through the park.
Usage note Marks movement through, cause, and exchange: gracias por todo. Also part of por la mañana.
and
Luis y Marta son amigos.
Luis and Marta are friends.
Usage note Becomes e before words that start with an i sound: padre e hijo.
or
¿Quieres té o café?
Do you want tea or coffee?
Usage note Becomes u before words that start with an o sound: siete u ocho.
but
Es pequeño, pero cómodo.
It's small but comfortable.
Usage note Joins contrasting ideas. After a negative, use sino to correct: no es rojo, sino azul.
because
Estudio español porque vivo aquí.
I study Spanish because I live here.
Usage note One word with no accent; por qué, two words with an accent, means why.
if
Si tienes tiempo, llámame.
If you have time, call me.
Usage note No accent; sí with an accent means yes. Si no means if not: si no llueve, salimos.
very
La sopa está muy caliente.
The soup is very hot.
Usage note Goes before adjectives and adverbs. Before nouns use mucho: muy cansado but mucho frío.
also; too
Mi hermana también estudia aquí.
My sister also studies here.
Usage note Yo también agrees with a positive statement; for negatives use tampoco.
more
Quiero un poco más de arroz.
I'd like a little more rice.
Usage note Written with an accent. Comparisons use que: más alto que yo.
less; fewer
Ahora trabajo menos horas.
I work fewer hours now.
Usage note Covers both less and fewer. In clock times it means to: las tres menos cuarto.
all; every; everything
Todos los días camino al trabajo.
I walk to work every day.
Usage note Todos los días means every day, but todo el día means all day. Alone, todo means everything.
other; another
¿Me trae otro vaso, por favor?
Could you bring me another glass, please?
Usage note Never use un before it: otro café, not un otro café.
a lot of; much; many
Hay mucha gente en la playa.
There are a lot of people at the beach.
Usage note Agrees with the noun; after a verb it doesn't change: trabajo mucho. Use muy before adjectives.
little; few; not much
Tengo poco tiempo hoy.
I don't have much time today.
Usage note Poco stresses that it isn't enough; un poco means a little and sounds more positive.
something; anything
¿Quieres algo de comer?
Do you want something to eat?
Usage note Negative sentences use nada instead. Before an adjective it means a bit: algo cansado.
nothing; anything
No hay nada en la nevera.
There's nothing in the fridge.
Usage note After the verb it needs no before it: no quiero nada. De nada means you're welcome.
there
Mi mochila está allí.
My backpack is over there.
Usage note For places far from the speaker; ahí is closer to the listener, and allá is common in Latin America.
well; fine
Estoy bien, gracias.
I'm fine, thanks.
Usage note An adverb, so it never changes: están bien. Bueno is the matching adjective.
badly; poorly; unwell
Duermo mal cuando hace calor.
I sleep badly when it's hot.
Usage note Invariable adverb; malo is the adjective, shortened to mal before a masculine noun: un mal día.
Describe the people around you and talk about your family and friends.
person
Hay una persona en la puerta.
There is someone at the door.
Usage note Always feminine, even for a man. For people in general, la gente is more common than personas.
man
Ese hombre es mi vecino.
That man is my neighbor.
Usage note The h is silent. Señor sounds more polite when you talk about someone you don't know.
woman; wife
La mujer de Pablo es médica.
Pablo's wife is a doctor.
Usage note Also means wife: mi mujer. Esposa is a neutral alternative.
boy; child
El niño juega con su perro.
The boy plays with his dog.
Usage note Los niños also means children in general, boys and girls together.
girl
La niña tiene ocho años.
The girl is eight years old.
Usage note For ages, Spanish uses tener, not ser: tiene ocho años.
boy; guy
Los chicos juegan al fútbol en el parque.
The boys play soccer in the park.
Usage note Used for teens and young men, and informally for any young guy; muchacho is common in Latin America.
girl; young woman
La chica de la tienda es muy simpática.
The girl at the store is very nice.
Usage note A friendly word for a teenager or young woman; for an older woman use señora.
family
Mi familia vive en Guadalajara.
My family lives in Guadalajara.
Usage note Singular even for many people, so the verb is singular: mi familia vive aquí.
parents
Mis padres viven en el campo.
My parents live in the countryside.
Usage note In the plural it means mother and father together, not only fathers.
mother
Mi madre vive cerca.
My mother lives nearby.
Usage note Mamá is the warm, everyday word for your own mother.
father
Mi padre cocina los domingos.
My father cooks on Sundays.
Usage note Papá is the everyday word for your own father. El padre can also mean a priest.
brother
Mi hermano se llama David.
My brother's name is David.
Usage note Los hermanos can mean brothers or brothers and sisters: ¿tienes hermanos?
sister
Su hermana trabaja conmigo.
His sister works with me.
Usage note Hermana mayor is older sister; hermana menor is younger sister.
son; child
Nuestro hijo va a la escuela.
Our son goes to school.
Usage note Los hijos means sons or children in general: ¿tienen hijos?
daughter
Su hija habla inglés.
Their daughter speaks English.
Usage note The h is silent. Hija única means only daughter.
grandfather
Mi abuelo tiene ochenta años.
My grandfather is eighty.
Usage note Los abuelos means grandparents; abuelito is an affectionate form.
grandmother
La abuela de Sofía vive en Cuba.
Sofía's grandmother lives in Cuba.
Usage note Abuelita is a very common affectionate form, especially in Latin America.
friend
Carlos es un buen amigo.
Carlos is a good friend.
Usage note A male friend; los amigos covers a mixed group. A boyfriend is el novio.
friend
Una amiga viene a cenar.
A friend is coming for dinner.
Usage note A female friend; a girlfriend in a romantic sense is la novia.
young
Mis padres son jóvenes.
My parents are young.
Usage note Same form for both genders; the plural jóvenes adds an accent. Un joven is a young man.
older; elderly
Mi hermano mayor tiene veinte años.
My older brother is twenty.
Usage note After family words it means older; menor means younger. Una persona mayor is a polite way to say elderly.
to want; to love
Quiero mucho a mis abuelos.
I love my grandparents very much.
Usage note Also means to want: quiero agua. Te quiero is the usual I love you for family and partners.
to like
Me gusta esta ciudad.
I like this city.
Usage note The liked thing is the subject: me gusta el café, but me gustan los perros.
to help
Ayudo a mi abuelo con las compras.
I help my grandfather with the shopping.
Usage note Put a before the person helped; a + infinitive names the task: te ayudo a cocinar.
Use the most frequent verbs for daily routines, plans, and moving around.
to be
El banco está en la plaza.
The bank is on the square.
Usage note For location and temporary states: estoy cansado. Ser is for identity and origin.
to have
Tenemos dos hijos y un perro.
We have two children and a dog.
Usage note Also used for age: tengo treinta años. Tener que + infinitive means to have to.
there is; there are
Hay pan en la cocina.
There is bread in the kitchen.
Usage note Hay works for singular and plural: hay un banco, hay dos bancos. It also forms perfect tenses.
to do; to make
Hago la cena a las siete.
I make dinner at seven.
Usage note Irregular hago, hice, hecho. Also used for weather: hace calor.
to go
Vamos al mercado en autobús.
We go to the market by bus.
Usage note The destination follows a. Ir a + infinitive talks about plans: voy a comer.
to come
Mi amigo viene mañana.
My friend is coming tomorrow.
Usage note Movement toward the speaker; ir is movement away. Irregular vengo and vine.
to arrive
El autobús llega a las nueve.
The bus arrives at nine.
Usage note Spanish uses a, not en, with the place: llego a Madrid. Llegar tarde means to be late.
to leave; to go out
Salgo de casa temprano.
I leave home early.
Usage note The place you leave follows de. Salir con amigos means to go out with friends.
to enter; to go in
Entramos en la tienda.
We go into the store.
Usage note Spain prefers entrar en; Latin America usually says entrar a.
to eat; to have lunch
Como fruta en el desayuno.
I eat fruit for breakfast.
Usage note In Spain and Mexico, comer also means to have the main midday meal.
to drink
Bebo mucha agua cuando hago deporte.
I drink a lot of water when I exercise.
Usage note Tomar is more common than beber for drinks in much of Latin America.
to sleep
Los niños duermen ocho horas.
The children sleep eight hours.
Usage note The o changes to ue when stressed: duermo, but dormimos. Dormirse means to fall asleep.
to get up
Me levanto a las seis y media.
I get up at six thirty.
Usage note Reflexive. Without se, levantar means to lift: levanto la mano.
to take a shower; to shower
Me ducho antes del desayuno.
I shower before breakfast.
Usage note Reflexive. Bañarse is to take a bath, and in parts of Latin America it also means to shower.
to work
Mi madre trabaja en un hotel.
My mother works at a hotel.
Usage note The workplace follows en. Trabajar de means to work as: trabaja de camarero.
to study
Estudiamos español por la tarde.
We study Spanish in the afternoon.
Usage note Subjects usually go without an article: estudio medicina.
to read
Leo el periódico en el café.
I read the newspaper at the café.
Usage note The two e's are pronounced separately. Some past forms use y: leyó, leyeron.
to write
Escribo un mensaje a Laura.
I'm writing a message to Laura.
Usage note Irregular participle escrito. The person you write to follows a.
to open
Abro la ventana porque hace calor.
I open the window because it's hot.
Usage note Regular in the present, but the participle is abierto. For opening hours: abre a las nueve.
to close; to shut
Cierra la puerta, por favor.
Close the door, please.
Usage note The e changes to ie when stressed: cierro, but cerramos.
to begin; to start
La clase empieza a las diez.
The class starts at ten.
Usage note Stem change e to ie, and z becomes c in empecé. Empezar a + infinitive: empiezo a trabajar.
to finish; to end
Termino el trabajo a las cinco.
I finish work at five.
Usage note Terminar de + infinitive means to finish doing something: termino de comer.
to give
Le doy agua al perro.
I give the dog water.
Usage note Irregular doy and di, with no accent. Common phrases: dar un paseo, dar las gracias.
to put
Pongo los vasos en la mesa.
I put the glasses on the table.
Usage note Irregular pongo, puse, puesto. Ponerse means to put on clothes.
to take; to have (food, drinks)
Tomo el metro todos los días.
I take the subway every day.
Usage note Used for transport, drinks, and medicine: tomar un café. Coger is common in Spain but vulgar in parts of Latin America.
Name basic foods and meals, order in a café, and handle simple purchases.
water
Quiero un vaso de agua.
I want a glass of water.
Usage note Feminine, but takes el in the singular because it starts with a stressed a: el agua fría.
bread
Compro pan fresco cada mañana.
I buy fresh bread every morning.
Usage note Usually no article when you speak in general: ¿hay pan? Pan dulce means sweet pastries in Mexico.
milk
El niño bebe leche caliente.
The child drinks warm milk.
Usage note Usually uncountable. Café con leche is coffee with a lot of milk.
coffee; café
Un café con leche, por favor.
A coffee with milk, please.
Usage note Also means a café. In Spain black coffee is café solo; in Latin America, café negro or tinto in Colombia.
tea
Prefiero el té sin azúcar.
I prefer tea without sugar.
Usage note The accent separates té (tea) from te (you, yourself).
fruit
La fruta está en la nevera.
The fruit is in the refrigerator.
Usage note The singular often means fruit in general: como mucha fruta. Frutas stresses different kinds.
apple
Llevo una manzana al trabajo.
I take an apple to work.
Usage note In many countries manzana also means a city block.
rice
Hoy comemos arroz con pollo.
Today we're having rice with chicken.
Usage note Usually uncountable. The plural arroces changes z to c and means rice dishes.
meat
No como carne, pero como pescado.
I don't eat meat, but I eat fish.
Usage note Beef is carne de res in much of Latin America and ternera in Spain; pork is carne de cerdo.
fish (as food)
Aquí el pescado es muy fresco.
The fish here is very fresh.
Usage note Pescado is fish you eat; a live fish swimming in water is un pez.
vegetable; vegetables
Necesitamos verduras para la sopa.
We need vegetables for the soup.
Usage note Often plural. Los vegetales is also common in Latin America.
breakfast
El desayuno está listo.
Breakfast is ready.
Usage note The verb is desayunar: desayuno a las ocho, with no hacer.
food; meal; lunch
La comida de este restaurante es buena.
The food at this restaurant is good.
Usage note In Spain and Mexico it is also the main midday meal; elsewhere that meal is el almuerzo.
lunch
¿Qué hay de almuerzo hoy?
What's for lunch today?
Usage note The usual word for lunch in most of Latin America; in Spain it is often a mid-morning snack.
dinner; supper
La cena es a las ocho.
Dinner is at eight.
Usage note The verb is cenar. In Spain dinner is often late, around nine or ten.
to buy
Compro tomates en el mercado.
I buy tomatoes at the market.
Usage note The person you buy for follows a or para: le compro flores a mi madre.
to pay; to pay for
¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta?
Can I pay by card?
Usage note No preposition before the thing paid for: pago la cuenta. Pagué adds u to keep the hard g.
to cost
¿Cuánto cuesta esta camisa?
How much does this shirt cost?
Usage note The o changes to ue: cuesta, and cuestan for plural things.
to ask for; to order
Pido una sopa y agua.
I order soup and water.
Usage note For requests and ordering food; to ask a question use preguntar.
to need
Necesito una bolsa, por favor.
I need a bag, please.
Usage note Takes a noun or infinitive directly, with no de: necesito dormir.
to cook
Cocinamos pasta para cuatro personas.
We cook pasta for four people.
Usage note For specific dishes, hacer is also common: hago una tortilla.
good; tasty
Este queso está muy bueno.
This cheese is really good.
Usage note Becomes buen before a masculine singular noun: un buen día. With estar it often means tasty.
bad
La comida del hospital es mala.
The hospital food is bad.
Usage note Becomes mal before a masculine singular noun: un mal día. In Spain estar malo can mean to be sick.
cheap; inexpensive
Las naranjas están baratas hoy.
The oranges are cheap today.
Usage note Agrees with the item: una camisa barata. Económico sounds more polite.
expensive
Ese restaurante es muy caro.
That restaurant is very expensive.
Usage note Agrees with the noun. The opposite is barato; salir caro means to turn out expensive.
Name rooms and common objects and talk about simple tasks around the house.
house; home
Mi casa está cerca del centro.
My house is near downtown.
Usage note No article for home: estoy en casa (at home), voy a casa (going home).
apartment; floor
Vivimos en un piso con balcón.
We live in an apartment with a balcony.
Usage note Apartment is Spain-leaning; everywhere it also means floor or story: el tercer piso.
room; bedroom
La habitación tiene dos camas.
The room has two beds.
Usage note Also a hotel room. Cuarto is a common synonym, and recámara is used in Mexico.
kitchen; cuisine
Las tazas están en la cocina.
The cups are in the kitchen.
Usage note Also means cuisine, as in la cocina mexicana, and the stove.
bathroom; bath
¿Dónde está el baño?
Where is the bathroom?
Usage note The polite question in any restaurant; in Spain el aseo and el servicio are also used.
door; gate
La puerta está abierta.
The door is open.
Usage note Also a gate at the airport: la puerta de embarque.
table
Los platos están sobre la mesa.
The plates are on the table.
Usage note Poner la mesa means to set the table; recoger la mesa is to clear it.
bed
El gato duerme debajo de la cama.
The cat sleeps under the bed.
Usage note Hacer la cama means to make the bed; irse a la cama means to go to bed.
key
No encuentro la llave de casa.
I can't find the house key.
Usage note In much of Latin America la llave also means a tap or faucet.
phone; telephone
Mi teléfono está en la mochila.
My phone is in my backpack.
Usage note A mobile phone is el móvil in Spain and el celular in Latin America.
clothes; clothing
La ropa limpia está en el armario.
The clean clothes are in the closet.
Usage note Singular in Spanish, with a singular verb: la ropa está sucia.
money
No tengo dinero en efectivo.
I don't have any cash.
Usage note Always singular: el dinero está en la mesa. Plata is a very common informal word in Latin America.
to look for; to search for
Busco un regalo para mi madre.
I'm looking for a present for my mom.
Usage note No word for for: busco trabajo. The preterite busqué changes c to qu.
to find
Por fin encontré las llaves.
I finally found the keys.
Usage note The o changes to ue: encuentro. No encuentro is the natural way to say I can't find.
to use
¿Puedo usar tu cargador?
Can I use your charger?
Usage note In parts of Latin America it also means to wear: usa lentes.
to clean
Limpio la cocina después de cenar.
I clean the kitchen after dinner.
Usage note Limpio is also the adjective clean: la casa está limpia.
to carry; to take; to wear
¿Te llevo a la estación?
Shall I take you to the station?
Usage note For taking things or people away from here; traer is bringing toward the speaker. Also to wear: lleva gafas.
Find essential places in town, get around by transport, and follow simple directions.
street
La farmacia está en esta calle.
The pharmacy is on this street.
Usage note Use en for on a street. En la calle also means outside or out of the house.
city
Madrid es una ciudad grande.
Madrid is a big city.
Usage note The final d is very soft or silent in everyday speech. The historic center is el centro.
store; shop
La tienda abre a las nueve.
The store opens at nine.
Usage note Tienda de ropa is a clothes store; tienda de campaña is a tent.
supermarket
El supermercado está al lado del banco.
The supermarket is next to the bank.
Usage note Often shortened to el súper in everyday speech.
restaurant
Cenamos en un restaurante mexicano.
We have dinner at a Mexican restaurant.
Usage note Masculine even though it ends in -e. Reservar una mesa means to book a table.
station; season
Nos vemos en la estación de tren.
We'll meet at the train station.
Usage note Also means a season of the year: las cuatro estaciones.
bus
El autobús número cinco va al centro.
Bus number five goes downtown.
Usage note The plural autobuses has no accent. Short el bus is understood almost everywhere.
train
El tren sale a las once.
The train leaves at eleven.
Usage note En tren means by train, with no article, like en coche and en avión.
car
Vamos en coche porque llueve.
We're going by car because it's raining.
Usage note The standard word in Spain; in Latin America it can sound old-fashioned.
near; nearby; close
La parada está cerca.
The stop is nearby.
Usage note Add de before a place: cerca de mi casa.
far; far away
La playa está lejos de aquí.
The beach is far from here.
Usage note Add de before a place. ¿Está lejos? is the quick way to ask if something is far.
right; right side
El banco está a la derecha.
The bank is on the right.
Usage note A la derecha means on or to the right. In Latin America todo derecho means straight ahead.
left; left side
La estación queda a la izquierda.
The station is on the left.
Usage note Quedar is often used in directions to say where something is.
to walk
Camino diez minutos hasta la oficina.
I walk ten minutes to the office.
Usage note Andar is a common synonym in Spain; ir a pie means to go on foot.
to travel
Viajo a Chile en julio.
I'm traveling to Chile in July.
Usage note Transport follows en: viajar en avión. A trip is un viaje.
to wait; to wait for; to hope
Espero el autobús frente al museo.
I wait for the bus across from the museum.
Usage note No word for for: espero el tren, and espero a mi madre with people. It also means to hope.
Count, give ages, prices, and phone numbers, and put things in order.
zero
Hoy estamos a cero grados.
It's zero degrees today.
Usage note Nouns after cero are plural: cero grados, cero euros.
one
Tengo un hermano y una hermana.
I have one brother and one sister.
Usage note Becomes un before masculine nouns and una before feminine ones. Alone, you count uno.
two
Quiero dos kilos de tomates.
I'd like two kilos of tomatoes.
Usage note Same form for both genders: dos hombres, dos mujeres. Los dos means both.
three
La casa tiene tres habitaciones.
The house has three rooms.
Usage note Tres veces means three times. Trece (13) and treinta (30) are built from it.
four
Somos cuatro en mi familia.
There are four of us in my family.
Usage note Somos + number says how many people are in a group: somos cuatro.
five
El tren sale en cinco minutos.
The train leaves in five minutes.
Usage note En cinco minutos means five minutes from now.
six
Mi hijo tiene seis años.
My son is six years old.
Usage note Ages use tener: tengo seis años. Dieciséis (16) is one word with an accent.
seven
La semana tiene siete días.
A week has seven days.
Usage note The e in the middle drops in setenta (70) and setecientos (700).
eight
Trabajo ocho horas al día.
I work eight hours a day.
Usage note Before ocho, the word o (or) becomes u: siete u ocho.
nine
Nueve más uno son diez.
Nine plus one is ten.
Usage note It gives noventa (90) and the irregular novecientos (900).
ten
La tienda cierra a las diez.
The store closes at ten.
Usage note Numbers 16 to 19 build on it as one word: dieciséis, diecisiete.
eleven
El partido empieza a las once.
The game starts at eleven.
Usage note Not related to English once. In Chile, las once is an afternoon snack.
fifteen
Vuelvo en quince minutos.
I'll be back in fifteen minutes.
Usage note Quince días is a common way to say two weeks. A quinceañera celebrates a girl's fifteenth birthday.
twenty
Este libro cuesta veinte dólares.
This book costs twenty dollars.
Usage note Numbers 21 to 29 are one word: veintiuno, veintidós.
one hundred; a hundred
El hotel tiene cien habitaciones.
The hotel has a hundred rooms.
Usage note Cien alone and before nouns; ciento in 101 to 199: ciento veinte. No un before it.
thousand; one thousand
Mi bicicleta costó mil pesos.
My bike cost a thousand pesos.
Usage note No un before it: mil, not un mil. Miles de means thousands of.
first
Vivo en el primer piso.
I live on the first floor.
Usage note Shortens to primer before a masculine singular noun. As an adverb it means first of all.
second
Es mi segunda vez en México.
It's my second time in Mexico.
Usage note Also a noun for a second of time: un segundo, por favor.
last
Tomamos el último autobús.
We take the last bus.
Usage note Stressed and accented on the first syllable. It usually goes before the noun: la última vez.
number; size
¿Me das tu número de teléfono?
Can you give me your phone number?
Usage note Also shoe size: ¿qué número calzas? Written n.º for short.
Name the days and months, say the date, and make plans for the week.
Monday
El lunes empiezo un trabajo nuevo.
On Monday I start a new job.
Usage note No preposition: el lunes means on Monday. Days are written in lowercase.
Tuesday
Los martes tengo clase de yoga.
On Tuesdays I have yoga class.
Usage note Los martes means every Tuesday. Martes trece is the unlucky day in Hispanic culture.
Wednesday
El miércoles vamos al dentista.
On Wednesday we're going to the dentist.
Usage note Keep the accent on the first e. The plural looks the same: los miércoles.
Thursday
Nos vemos el jueves por la tarde.
See you Thursday afternoon.
Usage note Days ending in -s don't change in the plural: el jueves, los jueves.
Friday
El viernes salgo con mis amigos.
On Friday I'm going out with my friends.
Usage note Viernes por la noche is a classic time to go out in the Spanish-speaking world.
Saturday
¿Qué haces el sábado por la noche?
What are you doing Saturday night?
Usage note Unlike the other weekdays, it adds -s in the plural: los sábados.
Sunday
Los domingos comemos en casa de mi abuela.
On Sundays we have lunch at my grandmother's.
Usage note Calendars in Spanish start on Monday, so Sunday is the last day of the week.
January
En enero hace mucho frío aquí.
It's very cold here in January.
Usage note Written in lowercase, like all months. Use en for in a month: en enero.
February
Febrero es el mes más corto.
February is the shortest month.
Usage note Months are masculine, so adjectives agree: un febrero frío.
March
Las clases empiezan en marzo.
Classes start in March.
Usage note In Chile and Argentina the school year begins in March, after the summer.
April
El diez de abril es mi aniversario.
April tenth is my anniversary.
Usage note Dates use plain numbers, not first or tenth: el diez de abril.
May
Nos casamos el tres de mayo.
We're getting married on May third.
Usage note In Mexico, Mother's Day is always el diez de mayo, whatever the weekday.
June
En junio terminan las clases.
Classes end in June.
Usage note Don't mix up junio (June) and julio (July); only the n and l differ.
July
Julio es mi mes favorito.
July is my favorite month.
Usage note Also a common man's name, Julio, which is written with a capital letter.
August
En agosto muchas tiendas cierran por vacaciones.
In August many stores close for the holidays.
Usage note In Spain August is the main holiday month, and big cities empty out.
September
Mi hija empieza la escuela en septiembre.
My daughter starts school in September.
Usage note Lowercase like all months. The spelling setiembre is also correct.
October
Mis padres llegan a finales de octubre.
My parents arrive at the end of October.
Usage note A finales de means at the end of; a principios de means at the beginning of.
November
El dos de noviembre es el Día de Muertos.
November second is the Day of the Dead.
Usage note For the first day of a month, say el uno or, in much of Latin America, el primero.
December
En diciembre viajamos a Colombia.
In December we travel to Colombia.
Usage note Full dates join the parts with de: el veinticinco de diciembre de dos mil veinte.
weekend
¿Qué planes tienes para el fin de semana?
What plans do you have for the weekend?
Usage note Only the first word changes in the plural: los fines de semana. Informally, el finde.
day
¿Qué día es hoy?
What day is it today?
Usage note Masculine although it ends in -a: buen día. Al día means per day.
week
Voy al gimnasio dos veces por semana.
I go to the gym twice a week.
Usage note La semana que viene and la próxima semana both mean next week.
month
Mi curso dura tres meses.
My course lasts three months.
Usage note El mes pasado means last month; al mes means per month.
year
Este año estudio en México.
This year I'm studying in Mexico.
Usage note Keep the ñ: año is year, but ano is a rude word. Ages use años.
date
Escribe la fecha en la pizarra.
Write the date on the board.
Usage note Only a calendar date; a romantic date is una cita.
Tell the time, say when things happen, describe the weather, and talk about parties and holidays.
hour; time (of day)
¿A qué hora abre el banco?
What time does the bank open?
Usage note ¿Qué hora es? asks the time; ¿a qué hora...? asks when something happens.
morning
Salgo a correr por la mañana.
I go running in the morning.
Usage note Por la mañana means in the morning; after a clock time say de la mañana: a las ocho de la mañana.
afternoon; evening
La clase termina por la tarde.
The class ends in the afternoon.
Usage note Runs from lunch until dark, so it often covers the early evening.
night; evening
Esta noche cenamos en casa.
Tonight we're having dinner at home.
Usage note Esta noche means tonight; anoche means last night.
today
Hoy trabajo desde casa.
Today I'm working from home.
Usage note Hoy en día means nowadays. It never takes a preposition: hoy trabajo.
tomorrow
Mañana vamos a la playa.
Tomorrow we're going to the beach.
Usage note Without an article it means tomorrow; mañana por la mañana is tomorrow morning.
yesterday
Ayer fui al cine con Marta.
Yesterday I went to the movies with Marta.
Usage note Usually goes with a past tense. Anteayer means the day before yesterday.
now
Ahora no puedo hablar.
I can't talk now.
Usage note Ahora mismo means right now. In Mexico ahorita can mean right now or in a little while.
early
El vuelo sale muy temprano.
The flight leaves very early.
Usage note As an adverb it never changes. The opposite is tarde.
late
Llegamos tarde a clase.
We're late for class.
Usage note As an adverb it means late; with an article, la tarde is the afternoon.
before; earlier
Lávate las manos antes de comer.
Wash your hands before eating.
Usage note Antes de + noun or infinitive: antes de la cena, antes de salir.
after; afterward; later
Comemos y después damos un paseo.
We eat and afterward take a walk.
Usage note Después de + noun or infinitive: después del trabajo.
always
Siempre desayuno en casa.
I always have breakfast at home.
Usage note Usually before the verb. Para siempre means forever.
never
Nunca bebo café por la noche.
I never drink coffee at night.
Usage note Before the verb it stands alone; after the verb it needs no: no bebo nunca café.
weather; time
¿Qué tiempo hace hoy?
What's the weather like today?
Usage note Also time in general: no tengo tiempo. For clock time use la hora.
sun; sunshine
Hoy hay sol y hace calor.
It's sunny and hot today.
Usage note Hace sol and hay sol both mean it's sunny; tomar el sol means to sunbathe.
rain
Con esta lluvia no salgo de casa.
I'm not leaving the house in this rain.
Usage note The verb is llover. Bajo la lluvia means in the rain.
heat
Hoy hace mucho calor.
It's very hot today.
Usage note Hace calor for weather, tengo calor for how you feel. Avoid estoy caliente, which can sound sexual.
cold
Tengo frío, ¿cierras la ventana?
I'm cold, can you close the window?
Usage note Tener frío is how you feel; hacer frío describes the weather. Frío is also the adjective cold.
to rain
Mañana va a llover todo el día.
It's going to rain all day tomorrow.
Usage note Only used in the third person singular: llueve, llovió. Llover a cántaros means to pour.
the weather is nice; to be nice out
Hace buen tiempo para ir a la playa.
The weather is nice for going to the beach.
Usage note Always third person singular. The opposite is hace mal tiempo.
to be cold (weather)
En Bogotá hace frío por la noche.
It's cold at night in Bogotá.
Usage note Only for weather; for people use tener frío, and for things estar frío.
birthday
Hoy es el cumpleaños de mi madre.
Today is my mother's birthday.
Usage note Same form in the singular and plural. Feliz cumpleaños means happy birthday.
vacation; holidays
Nos vamos de vacaciones en agosto.
We're going on vacation in August.
Usage note Always plural. Estar de vacaciones means to be on vacation.
party; holiday; festival
El sábado hay una fiesta en mi casa.
There's a party at my place on Saturday.
Usage note Also a public holiday or local festival: las fiestas del pueblo. Hacer una fiesta means to throw a party.
Name basic body parts, describe simple symptoms, and say how you feel.
body
El cuerpo necesita agua y descanso.
The body needs water and rest.
Usage note Todo el cuerpo means the whole body: me duele todo el cuerpo.
head
Me duele la cabeza.
I have a headache.
Usage note With body parts Spanish uses the article, not my: me duele la cabeza.
eye
Tengo algo en el ojo.
I have something in my eye.
Usage note ¡Ojo! on its own is an informal warning meaning watch out.
hand
Levanta la mano si tienes una pregunta.
Raise your hand if you have a question.
Usage note Feminine even though it ends in -o. Hecho a mano means handmade.
foot
Vamos a pie, está muy cerca.
Let's walk, it's very close.
Usage note A pie means on foot. De pie means standing up.
doctor
Tengo cita con el médico mañana.
I have a doctor's appointment tomorrow.
Usage note A female doctor is la médica. Doctor and doctora are common when speaking to one.
pain; ache
Tengo dolor de espalda.
I have back pain.
Usage note Dolor de + body part names the pain: dolor de cabeza, dolor de muelas.
to hurt; to ache
Me duelen los pies.
My feet hurt.
Usage note Works like gustar: the body part is the subject, so plural parts take duelen.
sick; ill
Mi hija está enferma y no va a clase.
My daughter is sick and isn't going to class.
Usage note Used with estar. Enfermarse (Latin America) or ponerse enfermo (Spain) means to get sick.
tired
Estamos cansados después de caminar.
We're tired after walking.
Usage note With estar it means tired; ser cansado means tiring.
to feel
Hoy me siento mejor.
I feel better today.
Usage note Followed by adjectives or adverbs: me siento bien. Careful: me siento also means I sit down, from sentarse.
happy
Estamos felices en nuestra nueva casa.
We're happy in our new home.
Usage note Same form for both genders; plural felices. Common in wishes: feliz cumpleaños.
sad
Ana está triste porque su amiga se va.
Ana is sad because her friend is leaving.
Usage note Estar triste is a mood; ser triste describes something sad, like a film.
to be hungry
Los niños siempre tienen hambre.
The kids are always hungry.
Usage note Hambre is a noun, so intensify with mucha, not muy: tengo mucha hambre.
to be thirsty
Tengo sed, ¿hay agua fría?
I'm thirsty, is there any cold water?
Usage note Same pattern as tener hambre; say mucha sed, not muy sed.
to be afraid; to be scared
Mi hijo tiene miedo de la oscuridad.
My son is afraid of the dark.
Usage note The cause follows de or a: miedo a los perros. Intensify with mucho: tengo mucho miedo.
to see; to watch
No veo bien sin mis gafas.
I can't see well without my glasses.
Usage note Irregular participle visto. Ver la tele means to watch TV.
to look at; to watch
Miramos una película en casa.
We watch a movie at home.
Usage note No word for at: mira el mapa. Mira alone is used to get attention.
to hear
No te oigo, hay mucho ruido.
I can't hear you, it's very noisy.
Usage note Oír is to hear; escuchar is to listen. Irregular oigo, oyes, oye.
Handle classroom language, talk about school and work, and keep a basic conversation going.
school
Los niños van a la escuela a pie.
The children walk to school.
Usage note Mostly primary school. Colegio is also very common for school, especially in Spain.
class; lesson; classroom
La clase de español empieza ahora.
Spanish class starts now.
Usage note Also the classroom itself. Dar clase means to teach a class.
teacher
El profesor escribe en la pizarra.
The teacher writes on the board.
Usage note Any teacher, not only at a university; the feminine is la profesora. Maestro is common for primary school.
student
La estudiante hace una pregunta.
The student asks a question.
Usage note The article shows gender: el estudiante, la estudiante. Alumno is a common synonym.
work; job
Tengo mucho trabajo esta semana.
I have a lot of work this week.
Usage note Also a school assignment: un trabajo de historia. Buscar trabajo means to look for a job.
word
No entiendo esta palabra.
I don't understand this word.
Usage note Also means a promise: te doy mi palabra. Palabrota is a swear word.
question
Tengo una pregunta sobre la tarea.
I have a question about the homework.
Usage note Hacer una pregunta means to ask a question; never preguntar una pregunta.
answer; reply
La respuesta está en el libro.
The answer is in the book.
Usage note Also a reply to a message or letter: no tengo respuesta.
to understand
Entiendo la pregunta, pero no sé la respuesta.
I understand the question, but I don't know the answer.
Usage note The e changes to ie: entiendo, but entendemos. Comprender is a close synonym.
to learn
Aprendo palabras nuevas cada día.
I learn new words every day.
Usage note Aprender a + infinitive: aprendo a nadar.
to ask
Pregunto la hora a una señora.
I ask a woman the time.
Usage note For asking questions; to ask for something use pedir. The person asked follows a.
to answer; to reply
Responde a mi mensaje, por favor.
Please reply to my message.
Usage note Takes a before what you answer: responder a una pregunta. Contestar is a close synonym.
to listen; to listen to
Escucho la radio mientras desayuno.
I listen to the radio while I have breakfast.
Usage note No word for to: escucho música. Oír is simply to hear.
to say; to tell
Marta dice que llega tarde.
Marta says she's arriving late.
Usage note Irregular digo, dije, dicho. ¿Cómo se dice...? asks how to say something.
to know; to know how to
No sé su número de teléfono.
I don't know his phone number.
Usage note For facts and skills: sé nadar. For people and places use conocer.
can; to be able to
¿Puedes abrir la ventana?
Can you open the window?
Usage note Followed by an infinitive. ¿Puedo...? asks for permission.
must; should; to owe
Debo llamar a mi madre esta tarde.
I must call my mother this afternoon.
Usage note Followed directly by an infinitive. With a noun it means to owe: te debo diez euros.
to call; to phone
Te llamo esta noche.
I'll call you tonight.
Usage note Put a before people: llamo a mi madre. Llamarse means to be called.
Describe size, appearance, difficulty, and color.
big; large; great
Esta camiseta me queda grande.
This T-shirt is too big for me.
Usage note Becomes gran before a singular noun and then usually means great: una gran ciudad.
small; little
Necesito una mesa pequeña.
I need a small table.
Usage note Also means young: cuando era pequeño. Chico is a common synonym in Latin America.
pretty; nice
¡Qué bonito es este parque!
This park is so pretty!
Usage note Lindo is more common in much of Latin America; bello sounds more literary.
new
Tenemos una profesora nueva.
We have a new teacher.
Usage note After the noun it means brand-new; before it, it means another: un nuevo trabajo.
easy
Este ejercicio es fácil.
This exercise is easy.
Usage note Same form for both genders. Fácil de + infinitive: fácil de usar.
difficult; hard
La última pregunta es difícil.
The last question is difficult.
Usage note For hard tasks use difícil, not duro, which means hard to the touch.
red
La puerta roja está cerrada.
The red door is closed.
Usage note Agrees with the noun: coche rojo, casa roja. Red hair is pelo rojo or pelirrojo.
blue
Lleva una camisa azul.
He's wearing a blue shirt.
Usage note No gender change: coche azul, casa azul. Azul marino is navy blue.
green; unripe
Los plátanos todavía están verdes.
The bananas are still green.
Usage note Same form for both genders. Estar verde means unripe, or not ready yet.
white
Las paredes son blancas.
The walls are white.
Usage note Vino blanco is white wine; en blanco means blank.
black
Tengo un gato negro.
I have a black cat.
Usage note Café negro is black coffee in Latin America; in Spain it is café solo.
yellow
El taxi amarillo nos espera fuera.
The yellow taxi is waiting for us outside.
Usage note Agrees with the noun. The ll sounds like English y in most regions.
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